Major Saab 1998

Jasbir Jassi did a new version of the song "Sona Sona" on the Bhangra album Godzilla 3 (Vol.2). This was in 2000. The track was very popular on the dance floor. It sampled the drum beat of the original song released in 1998.

Major Saab 1998

Major Jasbir Singh Rana (Amitabh Bachchan) trains cadets to become officers in the national defence academy. A spoilt brat Virendra Pratap Singh (Ajay Devgan) joins the academy. Little does he know the major is a strict disciplinarian who takes a row to straighten him and make him a soldier. Thus starts a war between the two. In the meantime Virendra falls in love with a beautiful girl NISHA (Sonali Bendre) whose marriage was fixed by his father to a wealthy contractor's son. But the girl loves Virendra against her father's will and so starts the fight between Virendra and the girl's father supported by the contractor and his son with gang. Majorsaab helps Virendra to get his love and to change Virendra from spoilt brat to a good and brave soldier.

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Major Rana is the principal of a military academy and his wife Priya is an army doctor. The couple are childless but still very much in love. The plot centres on a young cadet who enters their lives. He is forced into an army career by his father and tries his best to get expelled by the academy. The Major does not respond to his behaviour in the way he expects. Instead of expelling him he assigns him major operations and eventually the two manage to relate to each other, developing a special bond of mutual love and respect.

Major Saab Songs Lyrics & Videos: Major Saab is a 1998 Bollywood Hindi movie directed by Tinnu Anand and produced by Amitabh Bachchan under the banners T-series. The film, starring Amitabh Bachchan, Ajay Devgn, Sonali Bendre, Nafisa Ali, Mohan Joshi, Ashish Vidyarthi, Shahbaaz Khan, Navin Nischol, Mushtaq Khan, Rakhee Malhotra, Dinesh Hingoo, Vikas Anand and Manish Garg was released in theatres on 26 June 1998. Major Saab songs are composed by Anand Raaj Anand, while Dev Kohli and Anand Raaj Anand wrote its lyrics. Check out Major Saab songs list with lyrics and music videos below.

In a major initiative, butone that involves relatively modest amounts of money, thebill sharply increases spending on intelligence analysisinvolving sifting through reams of satellite photographsand signal intercepts to find key national securitydevelopments.

Meanwhile, in Tokyo, officials of Honda, the car company, announced two new engines that could have a major impact on the global warming problem. One engine cuts fuel consumption to 70 miles per gallon. It will be available in Japan in late 1998, elsewhere in 1999. The second engine, using three catalyzers to improve an existing low-emissions model, reduces emissions to just 1/10th what is allowed by the most demanding restrictions in the world, California's pending zero emissions regulation. Honda thus improves on Saab's engine that produces exhaust cleaner than the air it breathes. Toyota, Ford, Daimler Benz, and other automakers are plunging into research. Such efforts are crucial because of the heavy role of cars in greenhouse emissions.

Despite this scatterfire burst of technological improvement, it seems likely major nations will settle on some low common denominator of cutbacks when they meet in Kyoto. Japan's suggestion of 5 percent below 1990 levels thus seems more likely than Europe's proposed 15 percent.

But the most promising plan of all is the nongovernment emissions-trading scheme that proved so effective in reducing acid-rain emissions from Midwestern US smokestacks. Seven major nations and big transnational industries are now drafting a version for greenhouse gas reductions. The virtue of this approach is that it would work for nations that were late starters and for those that have already made substantial cuts. For nations handicapped by dependence on high-emission fuels such as coal. For developing as well as already industrialized states. The US, UK, and Germany are pursuing this approach. Both India and China are reportedly interested.

Figure 4. From mitochondrial allostatic load to neurochemistry, behavior and psychopathology (created with BioRender.com). Mitochondrial metabolism drives the synthesis and cycling of key neurotransmitters involved in ASC-associated behavior and psychopathology. While specific neuronal sub-types express subsets of the enzymes involved in the metabolism of each neurotransmitter, each neurotransmitter pathway is depicted in one diagram for the sake of simplicity. (A) Glutamine (Gln) and Glutamate (Glu) are synthesized in the mitochondria of glutamatergic neurons and glial cells. Glutamate can be directly integrated into the TCA cycle via GDH, converted into GABA via GAD or shunted into the transulfuration pathway via GSS. After glutamate is released from presynaptic neurons, a small percentage is taken up by post-synaptic glutamate receptors which mediate post-synaptic impulses via calcium-dependent signaling cascades. Chronic glutamatergic activation leads to an influx of calcium and mitochondrial dysfunction in post-synaptic neurons. The majority of presynaptically-released glutamate diffuses out of the synaptic cleft and is taken up by glial cells where it is either integrated into the TCA cycle or converted to glutamine by GS. Glial glycolysis also supplies neurons with key substrates for the synthesis of the antioxidant GSH. (B) In dopaminergic neurons, DA is either deaminated by MAO or auto-oxidized by mitochondrial-derived ROS to produce quinones leading to oxidative stress, mtDNA damage and OXPHOS deficits. DA can also enter the mitochondria to directly inhibit the rate-limiting complex in the ETC. Upon neuronal excitation, DA is released into the synaptic cleft and reimported into presynaptic neurons or taken up by surrounding glial cells where it is degraded by COMT or MAO. DA can also be metabolized by DBH in synaptic vesicles to generate NE which exerts antioxidant effects via the inhibition of NOX signaling in microglia. (C) Serotonin (5-HT) is produced from tryptophan via MAO in serotonergic neurons while melatonin is produced from 5-HT in pinealocytes. 5-HT upregulates mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative capacity and ATP synthesis and decreases oxidative stress while melatonin functions as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Melatonin also mitigates against mitochondrial membrane permeabilization by activating Bcl-2. Once released, 5-HT can be taken up by either presynaptic neurons or glial cells via 5-HT transporters and broken down by MAO. In glial cells, tryptophan is oxidized via the KYN pathway. Astrocytes produce the neuroprotective metabolite KYNA while microglia generate the neurotoxic metabolite QUIN. Microglial immune activation in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli upregulates the expression of IDO1 to facilitate tryptophan transport into the cell, which both decreases local tryptophan availability and increases the production of QUIN in microglia. GDH, glutamate dehydrogenase; GAD, glutamate decarboxylase; GSS, glutathione synthetase; GS, glutamine synthetase; GSH, glutathione; DA, dopamine; MAO, monoamine oxidase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA; OXPHOS, oxidative phosphorylation; ETC, electron transport chain; COMT, catechol-Omethyltransferase; DBH, DA betahydroxylase; NE, norepinephrine; NOX, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase; Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2; SERT, serotonin transporter; KYN, kynurenine; KYNA, kynurenic acid; QUIN, quinolinic acid; IDO1, Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase.

The outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver disease depends on the prevention of allograft reinfection. Over the past decade, major advances have been made in the management of HBV transplant candidates. The advent of longterm hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) administration as a prophylaxis of HBV recurrence and the introduction of new antiviral agents against HBV infection, such as lamivudine (LAM) or adefovir, were a major breakthrough in the management of these patients. The results of OLT for HBV infection are similar to those results achieved with other indications. Pre-OLT antiviral treatment such as LAM can suppress HBV replication before OLT and, thus, decrease the risk of reinfection of the graft. Combination prophylaxis with LAM and HBIG after transplantation is highly effective in reducing the rate of HBV reinfection even in HBV-replicative cirrhotic patients. The optimal HBIG protocol in the LAM and adefovir era has yet to be defined: dosing of HBIG, routes of administration, and the possibility of stopping HBIG.

Dietz and Stern (1998) identify factors that contribute to conflicts over biodiversity management. First, biodiversity is multidimensional; decisions about it will have many effects, and people will be affected in different ways. Second, decisions about biodiversity involve considerable scientific uncertainty: our general knowledge of the structure and function of ecosystems is incomplete, and we rarely have enough information on the local circumstances that will be influenced by management decisions. Third, values might be in conflict, and which values will be affected by a decision can be as uncertain as the science. Fourth, managers might not be trusted by the public or by segments of it. Fifth, there is usually considerable urgency in making decisions, because taking no action or continuing current policy is highly consequential.

In the face of such complexity and the sometimes fierce conflict that attends it, managers need the best available information and tools. This report responds to a request to the National Research Council from the Department of Defense (DOD), which recognized that many of the lands that it owns or controls have potentially high value for the protection and maintenance of biodiversity. The primary purposes for which these DOD lands are managed requires that they be held in relatively large blocks and that they not be developed for commercial or residential uses. Although the military uses affect natural conditions, often much of the lands remain relatively free of major impacts on biodiversity. The Committee on Noneconomic and Economic Value of Biodiversity in the Board on Biology of the National Research Council's Commission on Life Sciences was charged with examining "how current scientific knowledge about the economic and noneconomic value of biodiversity can best be applied in the management of biological resources" (see appendix A, "Statement of Task"). This report reviews current understanding of the value of biodiversity and the methods that have been developed to assess that value in particular circumstances.